Celimecitap con Sibici
Annotated Glossary
-A-
a - prep (LF) Most common locative preposition. It can be translated as English in, to, by, at, into, on, depending on context.
adam - n (Tu) Man (male person). Turkish words for man, woman, child are likely to date from the slave trade.
ádlima - n (Gk) Sport, athletics
afarma - v (LF) To swear.
afonta - v,n (LF) Insult.
África - n (La) Africa.
agu - n (LF acqua, aigua, or agua) water.
agosto - n (LF) The month of August.
alá - n (Ar) God. Related terms: omalá.
altu - num (Ta, Tu) the number six.
altmuş - num (Ta, Tu) The number sixty.
ama - n, v (LF) Love, to love. Related noun forms amor, amaja are attested but less common than simply using the base form as a noun.
amaro - adj (LF) Bitter.
amamiçi - n (LF, reduplicated) Friend.
America - n (La) America, the Americas.
ananas - n (several languages) Pineapple.
anda - v (LF) To go, to walk.
anço -adv (LF) Also.
ano - n (LF) Year.
anta - prep (LF) Before, previous
ántapo - adv (compound of anta + po) Sometime, at an undetermined time in the future
Antartida - n (La) Antarctica.
apra - adj (LF) Open.
aprí - n (LF) April.
arbusi - n (Tu/Ta) Watermelon.
arora - n (LF) Dawn.
Asja - n (La) Asia.
atura - v (Tu) To remember.
avá - v (LF e + Tu valla) There is, there are. Originated from LF e, "to be", "there is," + Tu valla, truly; the construction "There really is" then weakened semantically, while the copula e (from the Italian è) lost out to the competing sa (from Italian stare, sta). In the combined from evala, the /e/ vowel was assimilated frontward to become /a/.
avo - v (LF haber, haver) To have. Never an auxiliary verb.
avtor - n (Fr, via Ru) Author.
axam - n (He) Rabbi.
-B-
baca - v, interj (Tu) Look, glance. Baca is used to mean a very quick look, or as a call to get someone's attention. The time connotation of baca is somewhat shorter than the English word "look;" in many cases where English would say "look," Parra would say "garda." Compare garda, to look or watch for a longer period of time; veda, to see; vise, to look like or resemble.
bançera - n (LF) Flag.
basara - n (Ar, Tu, Gk) Market. Already a pretty universal word in the Crimea before the development of Parra. Related terms: ombasara, shopkeeper.
basta - adv, adj (LF) Enough.
başa -v (LF) To descend. başa de - v Below.
bela - adj (LF) Beautiful.
beletrística - n (Fr, via Ru) Fiction, literature.
bene - adv (LF) Well, nicely. The usage of bene has narrowed in Parra in favor of bona (and even the adverbial bona şecil). It is now strictly used to intensify adjectives and adverbs.
beş - num (Ta, Tu) The number five.
beşmiş - num (Ta, Tu) The number fifty.
bibi - v (LF) To drink.
bin - n (Ta, Tu) The number one thousand.
bir - num (Ta, Tu) The number one. Compare uno. Related terms: biruja, unity, union.
bisé - v (It bosogno) Need, must. Can be a main verb or an auxiliary verb.
boca - n (LF) Mouth.
bona - adj (LF) Good. The phrase X bona per mi is the usual way to say "I like X."
bonamatin - interj (LF) Good morning, good day. Normally a greeting, but occasionally a farewell.
bonasera - interj (LF) Good evening, good night. Normally a greeting, but occasionally a farewell.
bortocal- n (LF) An orange.
-C-
ca - n (LF) house.
cabi - adj (Ar كبير kabir) big. Grane is a near-synonym and is less formal.
cacaras - n (LF carnes, reduplicated) Food.
cadun - n (Tu) woman.
calar - n (Gk κλαρί klari) stick.
camja - v (LF) Change.
calandaro - n - (It) Calendar.
cana - n (LF) dog
capitano n (LF) Captain; Boss; Sir.
caselo - n (It) Castle, fortress, citadel.
carta - n (LF) Map, chart, (less commonly) Document, letter. Compare fatura.
cato - n (LF gato, Gk kato, Arm katu, Ru kot, Uk kit) Cat.
cave - n (Ta, Tu) Coffee. - adj Brown.
ce - pron (LF) relative pronoun, equivalent to English "that," "who," "whom."
celime - n (Ar, via Tu) Word.
celimecitap - n (compound "word" + "book") Dictionary.
cemálaxir - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Jumada II/Jumada al-Akhira.
cemálevel - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Jumada I/Jumada al-Ula.
cepec - n (Ru kopek) A small unit of currency. The Crimean danar is divided into 120 cepeci.
cerede - v (LF) Think, believe. - n Idea, thought, opinion, belief.
ceridi - v (LF) Shout, cry out.
cesi - adv (LF) Thus.
ci - pron (LF chi) Who (used in questions)
cibe - n (Ar kibd) liver.
Cirima - n Crimea. Compromise form among several languages.
cise - adj (Ta) Short.
citap - n (Ar, via Ta) Book.
cod - n (La) Code.
coda - n (LF) tail.
cofrato - interj (Contraction of Cosa farato) What's up?
começe - n (It commedia) Play, theatrical performance.
como - adv (LF) how (used in questions); like, similar to.
con - prep (LF) With, both in the sense of "together with" and "by means of."
conduşu - v (LF) To lead.
Confederáçija - n (La, via Ru) Confederation.
console - n (It) mayor. The Genoese term for a local colonial official came to refer to any local community leader in Parra. Under the Khanate and the Ottomans, the local leaders of religious communities under the millet system used the title. Under Russia, it could mean a community leader, but increasingly it refered to the local government authorities. The title has been official since the days of the Soviet Republic.
contra - adj (LF) The opposite. contra de - prep Against.
copra - v (LF comprar) To buy.
cor - n (1) (LF) Heart. (2) (Go) Grain, meal. Though the two senses of the word come from different sources, the idea of grain as the "heart" of the head of wheat means that most speakers see this usage as just another semantic sense of the word for "heart."
corno n (LF) Horn.
corpo - n (LF) Body, entity.
coro - n (It) Rope.
cosa (1) - n (LF) Thing. (2) - pron That which, whatever.
cósmos- n (Gk, Ru) Universe.
Cristos - n Christ. Compromise form among several languages.
cultura - n - (La) Culture.
cumus - n (Ta/Tu kımız) Kumis, fermented milk.
cunça - v (LF) To build.
curc - num (Ta, Tu) The number forty.
cusa - n (Tu kız) Girl.
-Ç-
ça - n (several languages) Tea.
çalo - adj (LF) Yellow.
çaja - n (LF and others) Beach.
çaro - adj (LF) Clear.
ças - n (compromise between LF tasa and Slavic chasha) cup, bowl, vessel.
Çigan - n (Tu, It) A Romani person, Gypsy.
çocuc - n (Tu çocuk) Child.
çumá - n (Tu) Friday.
-D-
da - v (Ta -da) Be (to be located). This verb derives from a Tatar agglutinative suffix that became a separate word in Parra. It is used to express the verb "be" only when naming location.
daça - n (Ru да́чa) Vacation home. Many Russian and Ukrainian-owned daçu still sprinkle the countryside of southern Crimea. A particularly grand daça is called a şató.
dada - v (LF < reduplicated form of dar) To give.
danar - n (LF) (1) Money. (2) Crimea's national currency. When there is risk of confusion, the synonyms deneg or valuta can be used for "money" or "currency."
daspir - n (Ger) Beer from barley or wheat.
dax - n (Ta) Mountain.
de - prep (LF) Of, from.
debi - v (LF) To owe.
debit - n (LF) Debt. "Irregular" noun form inherited from LF.
dedi - pron (LF de ti) Singular your, yours.
deles - pron (LF de los, de lis) Their, theirs.
demi - pron (LF de mi) My, mine.
den - n (Ru, Uk день) Day.
denço - n (Gk δένδρο) Tree.
deneg - n (Ru) Money.
denes - pron (LF de nos) Our, ours.
desire - n ,v (LF) Wish, to wish.
deşéber - n (LF) December.
detal - n (It, Ru) Detail. Plural form detalu can mean "description."
deves - pron (LF de vos) Plural your, yours.
didi - n (LF) Finger. Related term mete didi, "put a finger," to indicate, point to.
dil - pron (LF de il) His.
dila - pron (LF de ila) Possessive her, hers.
dixade - n (Ar, via Tu/Ta) The Islamic month of Dhu al-Qa'da.
dixice - n (Ar, via Tu/Ta) The Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijja.
din - n (Ar, via Tu) Religion.
disco n (La) Disc.
docus - num (Ta, Tu) The number nine.
documuş - num (Ta, Tu) The number ninety.
domica - n (It) Sunday.
dona - form of address (LF) Madam. Compare capitano, "sir."
dormu - v (LF) Sleep.
doso - adj (Go) Dead, defunct, extinct, obsolete.
du - num (LF) The number two.
ducomo - adv (LF de como) Why; because.
duden - n (Compound du + den) Tuesday.
-E-
e - conj (LF) And.
economica - n (Gk, via La) Economics.
efere - n (LF offerir) Offer, suggestion, proposal.
elte - adj, pron (LF altera) Other, another.
emene ce - adv (LF a meno que) Unless
enel - n (LF) Ring.
erba n (LF) Grass, herb, vegetable.
ero - part (Uk, Ru) "a group of people of a certain number;" placed after a number, this particle forms a collective numeral used for counting and naming a group of people. Nos du ero means "the two of us."
Eropa - n (Gk) Europe.
escada - n (LF) Crew, group, squadron, unit.
escer adj (Tu) Free. "Free as in speech."
esi pron (Ta özü) Reflexive pronoun. "Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, oneself," etc.
exe n (It) Eye.
-F-
fa - auxv (LF < fare, to make) Optative auxiliary verb, used to express wishes and hopes. A sentence that uses fa uses SOV word order, putting the verb at the end, similar to an imperative sentence.
fact - n (La, via Ru) Fact.
famja - n (LF) Family. Tanic is a near-synonym; tanic applies strictly to a household, while famja can be used more broadly.
fantasije - n (Gk) Imagination.
fara v (LF) To do, to make. - n Action, event.
faşe - v (LF piacer, piaxer) To please, to attract, to interest. Related term Como faşe can mean "if you please" (making an offer) or "as you wish" (responding to a request).
fatura - n (LF) Document, piece of writing, page. Originally (and still), a financial account. Compare carta.
fede - n (LF) Faith.
felí - auxv (It < felice, happy) Potential auxiliary verb, used to express ability. Equivalent to English verb can. The verb evolved from a construction that meant "I am happy to do it," which broadened in meaning to mean "I can do it."
fene - adj (LF pieno) Full.
ferenşa - n (LF ferencia) A difference, a contrast. Used in constructions such as "the difference between..." Parra has no adjective equivalent for different or different from, in most cases using ne como or ne ravni instead. The construction Avá ferenşa con X e Y carries the sense of "X and Y are different."
festa - n (It, Ger, others) Fest, festival.
fija, fijama - n (LF) Daughter. Both terms are used.
fijase - v (LF fixar) To affix, to join, to link. - n Link, joint.
fijo - n (LF) Son.
foja - n (LF) Leaf, leaf vegetable, piece of paper.
fos - interj (It fosse) Maybe. - aux v Might, could. Related terms: fofos (<fos fos), contracted reduplication indicating even more uncertainty. fosuc - adj Possible. fosuja - n Possibility.
fosu - auxv (It fosse) Would, should; creates conditional verbs.
fotuna - n (LF) Luck, chance, fortune. Related term: Ce fene fotuna, "May full luck... (Shortened form of Ce fene fotuna con tu fa anda) is used as a friendly goodbye or mild blessing. "Fene fotuna" is sometimes used as a slogan or catchphrase for the Crimea, in particular the casino industry.
fovu - n, v (LF piovir) Rain, to rain.
fratel - n (LF) Brother.
frevá - n (LF) February.
ful - n (Go) Bird.
-G-
gamba - n (LF) Leg.
garda - v (LF) (1) To watch, to look, to watch over. Garda can be used for nearly all cases where English would use watch, and some where English would use look if the looking is more than a passing glance. Comparebaca, the verb for a quick look, or used to get someone's attention. (2) To keep, to store.
gege - adj (Ta gök) Blue.
gleba n, adj (It gleba, clod of dirt) A bunch, a lot, a substantial but not huge amount. Using gleba indicates that there is a rather large quantity of the thing in question, but perhaps not more than expected.
gilejile interj (Tu güle güle) Goodbye. The one who stays says it to the one departing. Compare oçácal, selam.
grane - adj (LF) Big, great. Cabi is a near-synonym and is more formal.
graça - interj (LF) Thanks. Considered more casual and less heartfelt than pásabo.
grise - adj (LF) Grey.
groba - n (Go) Tomb, grave.
-I-
ici (1) - part (Ta suffix) denotes an ordinal number, so bir ici is "first;" du ici is "second," etc. (2) - n Position in an order or list.
il - pron (LF) He, him.
ila pron (LF) She, her.
indi n (Ar, Tu, Ru) turkey (bird).
informáçija - n (La, via Ru) Information.
interijer - n (La, via Ru) The inside, interior
íros - n (Gk) Hero.
ísime - adv (It suffix /-issimo/) Most; makes an adjective superlative.
istoc - n (Ru) Source.
istorija - n (La, via Ru) History.
-J-
jaja - n (Gk γιαγιά, "grandmother") Old woman.
jedi - num (Ta, Tu) The number seven.
jemiş - num (Tu) The number seventy.
jenvá - n (LF) January.
jimni n (Ru) Hymn, anthem.
joca - v (LF) (1) (intransitive) Play, to joke. (2) (transitive) Amuse, entertain.
jografija - n (Gk, via Ru) Geography.
jun - n (LF) June.
-L-
lalá - adv (LF la, cognate to Italian là, Castillian allá, etc.) There. Refers to something near the listener. -demThat, those. Used only before nouns. Compare o, ojer, vel.
lant - n (Go) Region, country, area of land.
lavanto - n (LF levante, east wind) East.
lavora - v (LF) Work. - n Work, labor.
let - n (Ru) Year.
leşe - n (LF lege, It legge) Law.
leva - v (LF) To rise, to raise, to lift.
ligo - adj, adv (Gk) A very tiny bit. Compare poco.
lijul - n (LF) July.
linu - n (LF) Tongue, language.
lis - pron (LF) They, them.
logo - n (LF) Place.
luna - n (LF) Moon.
lunço - adj (LF) Long.
-M-
ma - conj (LF) But.
majo - n (LF) The month of May.
mal - adj, adv, n (LF) Bad, badly, ill.
mama - n (LF) Mother.
man - n (LF) Hand. Related term dada man, to help.
manja - v (LF) To eat.
maşur - adj (Ar) Famous. Related noun omaşur, celebrity.
mar - n (LF) Sea.
marato - n (LF) Husband.
marso - n (LF) The month of March.
matin - n (LF) Morning, daytime.
matum - n (Go) Treasure.
mediçine - n (La, via Ru) The field of medicine.
mel - n (LF) Honey.
mélos - n (Gk) (1) Member of a group. (2) Part of the body.
mele - n (It, Gk) Apple.
mene - adv, adj (LF meno) Less.
méraba interj (Tu) Hello.
merin - n (LF) Sailor.
mete - v (LF) To put, to place.
mevi - v (LF) To move.
mexane - n (Gk) Tavern, bar, pub.
mi - pron (LF) I, me.
mifo - n (Gk, via Ru) Myth.
milet - n (Tu < Ar millah ملة ) Community, nation or group, especially an ethnic or religious community. Crimea's many mileti are the defining trait of its history and identity.
miljard - num (Fr, via Ru) Billion (thousand millions)
miljon - num (It, via Ru) Million.
mir - n (Ru) Peace.
misica - n (LF, Ta, Tu) Music.
mixim - adj (Ar, via Tu) Important, crucial.
molto (1) - adv (LF, It) Very. (2) - adj Many, much. Compare vanto, a near-synonym.
molu - n (It) Wife.
monastiri - n (Gk) Monastery.
mora - v (LF) To die.
mundo - n (LF) World.
muru - v (Arm) To beg.
Músilim - n (Ar) Muslim.
muxaram - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Muharram.
-N-
nagino - v (Gk) To read.
naso - n (LF) Nose.
naşa - v (LF) To be born.
nat - n (Go) Net, web.
navuca - n (Ru нау́ка) Science.
ne - part (Ru) Not; makes a sentence negative.
nigre - adj (LF) Black.
no - interj (LF) No. - part Sometimes used as a negative particle, especially in more basic, pidginized forms of Parra.
nofanda - v (contraction of nos fa anda) Let's go.
noma - n (LF) Name.
nordo - n (LF) North.
nos - pron (LF) We; us.
nova - adj (LF) New. Related term novaja, news.
novéber - n (LF) November.
numaro - n (LF) Number.
-O-
o (1) - dem (Ta, Tu) That, that over there. Refers to something far from both the speaker and the listener. Used alone, o is always singular. Used before a noun, it can be singular or plural. (2) - interj/part (LF) O, oh.
ocjano - n (various languages) Ocean. Related geographic name Ocjanija, Oceania.
oçácal - interj (Tu) Goodbye. The person departing says this to the person straying. Compare gilejile, selam.
ojer (1) - adv (Ta, Tu) There, over there. Refers to something far from both the speaker and the listener. (2) - dem That (over there), those (over there). Used only before nouns. Compare o, vel, lalá.
oju - dem (Tu/Ta o + plural marker -(j)u). Those, those over there. Used only alone as a pronoun, never before a noun. Compare o, veli.
omo - n (LF) Person, "man" in the general sense.
omalá - n (LF omo + Ar allah) Member of the clergy, whether Christian, Muslim, Jewish, or pagan.
omlet - n (Fr) Omelette.
on - num (Ta, Tu) The number ten.
ora - n (LF) Time (turn or repetition), moment.
oso - n (LF) Bone.
oşceldin - interj (Tu) Welcome.
otel - n (Fr) Hotel.
otóber - n (LF) October.
otus - num (Ta, Tu) The number thirty.
ova - adv (LF) Where (used in questions).
-P-
pacato - n (LF) Crime.
padoço - n (LF) Louse.
palda -adj (LF) Pale.
papa - n (LF) Father.
para - v (LF) To speak, to talk, to say, to tell.
parc - n (Fr) Park.
pártos - n (LF partes) Part, section. Note that the LF plural form became singular in Parra. Plural form is pártosu.
parti - n (La, via various languages) Political party. Broader and more modern meaning than the historic term soşamevi.
pásabo - interj (Ru) Thank you. Considered more heartfelt and less casual than graça.
pe - n (LF) Foot.
pecem - prep (LF per cambio) For, in exchange for.
peçata - v (Ru) Publish, print.
pele - n (LF) Skin.
penenti - n (LF ponenti, west wind) West.
penir - n (Arm, Ta) Cheese.
per - prep (LF) (1) For, to. (2) Indicates the indirect object of a verb. (3) Optional before a direct object pronoun.
pere - adv (LF <parere, pare to seem) Apparently, seemingly. Pere carries a bit more certainty than fos, but still communicates that the statement is a matter of the speaker's opinion. Using pere together with a prepositional phrase can communicate the opinion of another: Pere per ila, vel sato mal sinema, "She thought it was a bad movie." Pere si and pere no are common ways to say "I think so" and "I think not."
perona (1) - v (LF) To forgive. (2) - interj I'm sorry.
pese - n (LF) Fish.
pici - adj (LF) Small, brief, insignificant, not too big.
pixin (1) - adj (LF) Small. (2) - n Small child.
piju - adj, adv (LF) More.
pile v (LF) To take.
ploşet - n (Ru) Town square, plaza.
po - prep, adv (LF) After, next, then.
poblo - n (LF) People, nation. Compare rodina, milet.
poco - n, adj, adv (LF) A little, a part; Little, few, partly. Compare ligo, polo.
pocopolo - adj, adv (compound poco + polo) Half-and-half, not completely; impure, adulterated.
podomica - n (Compound po + domica) Monday.
política - n (Gk, via Ru) Politics.
polo - n, adv, adj (Gk υπόλοιπο) - the rest, everything else; remaining. The construction poco X, polo Y is used to mean "part X, part [the rest] Y".
poprava - v (Ru) To defeat, to overcome.
pravo - n (Ru) Right, as in human, civil, or legal rights.
prexe - adv, interj (It prego) Please, if you please; used to make requests
presente - v (LF) To present, introduce.
presto - adv (LF) Soon
prime - adj (LF) Chief, main, most important. The ordinal number 1st is the Turkic form bir ici.
privjet - interj (Ru) Hello.
-R-
Rada - n (Germanic, via Uk) The Crimea's national parliament.
radjo - n (Various languages) Radio.
ramadan - n (Ar) The Islamic month of Ramadan.
ravni - adj (Ru) Equal, same.
relaxir - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Rabi II/Rabi' al-Akhir.
relevel - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Rabi I/Rabi' al-Awwal.
recep - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Rajab.
redactor - n (Fr, via Ru) Editor.
resurs - n (Fr, via Ru) Resource.
ridi - v (LF) Laugh.
risa - n (Gk) Root.
ródina - n (Ru) Country, nation, homeland.
ropa - v (LF) To break.
roso - adj (LF) Red.
ruposa - v (LF) To recline, to lie.
-S-
sa - v (LF star < It sta, stare) To be.
saba - part (LF sabir, to know) Question particle. Placed at the end of yes-or-no questions; optionally placed at the end of information questions.
sabu - v (LF) To know.
sabun - n (LF) Soap.
saço - adj (LF sazio) Good enough, sufficient, acceptable. Originally the term referred to a person and meant "satisfied, full," but now used to describe the thing that causes the feeling. - adv Sufficiently.
safar - n (Ar) The Islamic month of Safar.
salada - n (LF) Salad.
salam - interj (Ar, via Tu) Hello; less frequently (but still acceptable), goodbye.
saló - n (Ru) Harm, evil.
sange - n (LF) Blood.
santo (1) - adj (LF) Holy. (2) - n Saint.
sanu - adj (LF sano, probably influenced by salute) - Healthy.
sar - n (Ru) King, emperor, ruler.
sariça -n (Ru) Tsarina, queen.
sarso - n (Ru) Kingdom.
se - conj (LF, It) If, supposing that.
secis - num (Ta, Tu) The number eight.
secimiş - num (Ta, Tu) The number eighty.
seçece - v (LF, It scocciare) To bother, to annoy.
sede - v (LF) To sit.
selénaja - n (Ru) The universe, cosmos.
seli - n (LF) Heaven.
selve - n (LF) Forest.
seme - n (It and Slavic) Seed.
semisemi - adj, adv (LF < It insieme) Together.
semit - n (Go) Smith, metalworker.
sen - n (LF) Breast.
sente - num (LF) The number 100.
sera - n (LF) Night, evening.
serniçi - n (Uk) Snack.
setéber - n (LF) September.
si - interj (LF) Yes.
sibice - v (LF < ispiquer) Explain. -n Explanation.
sictir - interj (Tu) Fuck!; Fuck off, scram. All-purpose curse word.
sifra - num (Ar, possibly via LF) Zero.
simvolo - n (Gk, via Ru) Symbol.
sinema - n (Fr, via Tu and others) Film, movie.
sinla - n (Ru) Soil, earth, Planet Earth.
sinsin - prep (LF or Lat, reduplicated) Without.
sipísoc - n (Ru) List.
sitime - v (LF <estimar) To esteem, respect, revere. Sitimite is a common title equivalent to "Honorable."
snac - n (Acronym <Soşamevi per Nova Arora a Cirima) Crimea's one-party regime in the years 1947-1989. Snacuja is the term for the party's ideology, essentially synonomous with the international term Snorism.
sole - n (LF) Sun.
solo - adv (LF) Only.
sopra - prep (LF) Above, at the top of.
sora - n (LF) Sister.
soşal - adj (La, via Ru) Social.
soşamevi - n (Compound of soşal + mevi). "Social movement;" political party. Originated in the 1920s and 30s, a time of political turbulence.
sunjor - n (LF) Gentleman.
sutup - n (Go) Dust.
-Ş-
şaban - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Sha'ban.
şabat - n (He) Saturday, sabbath.
şató - n (Fr chateau) Mansion, grand country house.
şaval - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Shawwal.
şam - n (Fr chambre) A room for rent; lodging. Alternate form şamb is more common on the coast. The terms are pronounced almost the same in the singular but are more distinct in the plurals şamu, şambu.
şecil (1) - part (Ta şecilde) Adverb marker, used similar to the English suffix /-ly/. (2) -n Manner or way.
şer - n (Ta) City.
şoco - n (LF sciocco, south wind) South.
şudo - n (LF) (1) Shield. (2) Coat of arms. (3) Coin. (4) Unofficial name for the 30-cepec coin.
-T-
tanic - n (Arm) Family. Famja is a near-synonym; tanic refers specifically to a household while famja can be used more broadly or metaphorically.
tanta - conj (LF) Like, as. Can be used singly or in a pair in constructions analogous to "As X as a Y" or "As X, so Y."
tasitasi - adj (LF tizar, to silence) Quiet. -interj Shut up!
taxda - n (Per, via Tu) Board.
televeda - n (Gk tele- + Parra veda) Television.
telix - n (Go telich) A fool. -adj Foolish.
tempe (1) - adv (LF) When (used in questions). (2) - n Time.
temta - v, n (LF) To tempt, temptation.
teré - num (LF, influenced by Ru tri) The number three.
tereden - n (Compound tere + den) Wednesday.
teta -n (LF) Breast.
texnologija - n (Gk) Technology.
tintin - n (LF, onomatopoetic) Jewelry.
torno - v (LF) To return.
transport - n (La) Transportation.
triljon - num (Fr, via Ru) Trillion (million millions).
trova v (LF) To find.
tu - pron (LF) You (singular).
tuto - pron, adj (LF) All. Related terms: tuto tempe - adv Always. tuto ravni - adv All the same, anyway.
-U-
u - conj (LF) Or. Can be used singly or in a pair in constructions analogous to "Either X or Y."
uno - pron (LF) Someone, something.
-V-
vacosa - pron (LF, contraction of qual cosa) What, which; used in questions.
vaço - adj (LF) Empty.
vala - adv, interj (Tu) Indeed, truly. It has weakened semantically from the original meaning, "I swear" or "by God."
valuta - n (La, via Ru) Currency.
vanca - adj (LF bianca) White.
vanto - adv (LF) (1) How many, used in questions. (2) Many.
vatro - num (LF) The number four.
vatroden - n (Compound vatro + den) Thursday.
veçe - adj (LF) Old.
veçine - prep (LF) Nearby.
veda - v (LF) To see.
védoma - n (Gk εβδομάδα) Week.
vel - dem (LF) That. Refers to something near the listener. Used alone, vel is always singular. Used before a noun, it can be singular or plural. Compare o, ojer, lalá.
veli - dem (LF) Those. Refers to something near the listener. Used only alone as a pronoun, never before a noun.
veni - v (LF) To come.
venti - num (LF) The number twenty.
vero - adj (LF) True, real, actual.
verte - adj (LF) Green.
ves - dem (LF) This. Used alone, ves is always singular. Used before a noun, it can be singular or plural. Compare viví.
vesi - dem (LF) These. Used only alone as a pronoun, never before a noun.
viçí - v (LF vigilia) To awaken. - adj Awake.
vid - n (Ru) Kind, type, class.
vise - v (LF) To look like, to appear. Compare baca, to look.
visit - n (LF) A visit. Never a verb; instead use fara visit. Related term: emevisit, visitor, guest.
vista - n (LF) View.
vive - v (LF) To live.
viví (1) - adv (LF aqui, cognate to Italian qui, Castillian aquí, etc.) Here. Refers to something near the speaker. (2) -dem This, these. Used only before nouns. Compare ves, lalá.
vojna - n (Ru) War.
vola - v (LF) To want. Can be used alone or as an auxiliary verb.
vopros (1) - n (Ru) Question. (2) - v To ask.
vos - pron (LF) You (plural).
vu
-X-
xajar - n (Tu, Arm) - Cucumber.
xan - n (Ta) A cheap inn, originally a caravanserai.
xaráldica - n (Fr) Heraldry.
xat - n (Arm) Bread.
xicimet - n (Tu) Government.
xronologija - n (Gk) Chronology, timeline.
a - prep (LF) Most common locative preposition. It can be translated as English in, to, by, at, into, on, depending on context.
adam - n (Tu) Man (male person). Turkish words for man, woman, child are likely to date from the slave trade.
ádlima - n (Gk) Sport, athletics
afarma - v (LF) To swear.
afonta - v,n (LF) Insult.
África - n (La) Africa.
agu - n (LF acqua, aigua, or agua) water.
agosto - n (LF) The month of August.
alá - n (Ar) God. Related terms: omalá.
altu - num (Ta, Tu) the number six.
altmuş - num (Ta, Tu) The number sixty.
ama - n, v (LF) Love, to love. Related noun forms amor, amaja are attested but less common than simply using the base form as a noun.
amaro - adj (LF) Bitter.
amamiçi - n (LF, reduplicated) Friend.
America - n (La) America, the Americas.
ananas - n (several languages) Pineapple.
anda - v (LF) To go, to walk.
anço -adv (LF) Also.
ano - n (LF) Year.
anta - prep (LF) Before, previous
ántapo - adv (compound of anta + po) Sometime, at an undetermined time in the future
Antartida - n (La) Antarctica.
apra - adj (LF) Open.
aprí - n (LF) April.
arbusi - n (Tu/Ta) Watermelon.
arora - n (LF) Dawn.
Asja - n (La) Asia.
atura - v (Tu) To remember.
avá - v (LF e + Tu valla) There is, there are. Originated from LF e, "to be", "there is," + Tu valla, truly; the construction "There really is" then weakened semantically, while the copula e (from the Italian è) lost out to the competing sa (from Italian stare, sta). In the combined from evala, the /e/ vowel was assimilated frontward to become /a/.
avo - v (LF haber, haver) To have. Never an auxiliary verb.
avtor - n (Fr, via Ru) Author.
axam - n (He) Rabbi.
-B-
baca - v, interj (Tu) Look, glance. Baca is used to mean a very quick look, or as a call to get someone's attention. The time connotation of baca is somewhat shorter than the English word "look;" in many cases where English would say "look," Parra would say "garda." Compare garda, to look or watch for a longer period of time; veda, to see; vise, to look like or resemble.
bançera - n (LF) Flag.
basara - n (Ar, Tu, Gk) Market. Already a pretty universal word in the Crimea before the development of Parra. Related terms: ombasara, shopkeeper.
basta - adv, adj (LF) Enough.
başa -v (LF) To descend. başa de - v Below.
bela - adj (LF) Beautiful.
beletrística - n (Fr, via Ru) Fiction, literature.
bene - adv (LF) Well, nicely. The usage of bene has narrowed in Parra in favor of bona (and even the adverbial bona şecil). It is now strictly used to intensify adjectives and adverbs.
beş - num (Ta, Tu) The number five.
beşmiş - num (Ta, Tu) The number fifty.
bibi - v (LF) To drink.
bin - n (Ta, Tu) The number one thousand.
bir - num (Ta, Tu) The number one. Compare uno. Related terms: biruja, unity, union.
bisé - v (It bosogno) Need, must. Can be a main verb or an auxiliary verb.
boca - n (LF) Mouth.
bona - adj (LF) Good. The phrase X bona per mi is the usual way to say "I like X."
bonamatin - interj (LF) Good morning, good day. Normally a greeting, but occasionally a farewell.
bonasera - interj (LF) Good evening, good night. Normally a greeting, but occasionally a farewell.
bortocal- n (LF) An orange.
-C-
ca - n (LF) house.
cabi - adj (Ar كبير kabir) big. Grane is a near-synonym and is less formal.
cacaras - n (LF carnes, reduplicated) Food.
cadun - n (Tu) woman.
calar - n (Gk κλαρί klari) stick.
camja - v (LF) Change.
calandaro - n - (It) Calendar.
cana - n (LF) dog
capitano n (LF) Captain; Boss; Sir.
caselo - n (It) Castle, fortress, citadel.
carta - n (LF) Map, chart, (less commonly) Document, letter. Compare fatura.
cato - n (LF gato, Gk kato, Arm katu, Ru kot, Uk kit) Cat.
cave - n (Ta, Tu) Coffee. - adj Brown.
ce - pron (LF) relative pronoun, equivalent to English "that," "who," "whom."
celime - n (Ar, via Tu) Word.
celimecitap - n (compound "word" + "book") Dictionary.
cemálaxir - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Jumada II/Jumada al-Akhira.
cemálevel - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Jumada I/Jumada al-Ula.
cepec - n (Ru kopek) A small unit of currency. The Crimean danar is divided into 120 cepeci.
cerede - v (LF) Think, believe. - n Idea, thought, opinion, belief.
ceridi - v (LF) Shout, cry out.
cesi - adv (LF) Thus.
ci - pron (LF chi) Who (used in questions)
cibe - n (Ar kibd) liver.
Cirima - n Crimea. Compromise form among several languages.
cise - adj (Ta) Short.
citap - n (Ar, via Ta) Book.
cod - n (La) Code.
coda - n (LF) tail.
cofrato - interj (Contraction of Cosa farato) What's up?
começe - n (It commedia) Play, theatrical performance.
como - adv (LF) how (used in questions); like, similar to.
con - prep (LF) With, both in the sense of "together with" and "by means of."
conduşu - v (LF) To lead.
Confederáçija - n (La, via Ru) Confederation.
console - n (It) mayor. The Genoese term for a local colonial official came to refer to any local community leader in Parra. Under the Khanate and the Ottomans, the local leaders of religious communities under the millet system used the title. Under Russia, it could mean a community leader, but increasingly it refered to the local government authorities. The title has been official since the days of the Soviet Republic.
contra - adj (LF) The opposite. contra de - prep Against.
copra - v (LF comprar) To buy.
cor - n (1) (LF) Heart. (2) (Go) Grain, meal. Though the two senses of the word come from different sources, the idea of grain as the "heart" of the head of wheat means that most speakers see this usage as just another semantic sense of the word for "heart."
corno n (LF) Horn.
corpo - n (LF) Body, entity.
coro - n (It) Rope.
cosa (1) - n (LF) Thing. (2) - pron That which, whatever.
cósmos- n (Gk, Ru) Universe.
Cristos - n Christ. Compromise form among several languages.
cultura - n - (La) Culture.
cumus - n (Ta/Tu kımız) Kumis, fermented milk.
cunça - v (LF) To build.
curc - num (Ta, Tu) The number forty.
cusa - n (Tu kız) Girl.
-Ç-
ça - n (several languages) Tea.
çalo - adj (LF) Yellow.
çaja - n (LF and others) Beach.
çaro - adj (LF) Clear.
ças - n (compromise between LF tasa and Slavic chasha) cup, bowl, vessel.
Çigan - n (Tu, It) A Romani person, Gypsy.
çocuc - n (Tu çocuk) Child.
çumá - n (Tu) Friday.
-D-
da - v (Ta -da) Be (to be located). This verb derives from a Tatar agglutinative suffix that became a separate word in Parra. It is used to express the verb "be" only when naming location.
daça - n (Ru да́чa) Vacation home. Many Russian and Ukrainian-owned daçu still sprinkle the countryside of southern Crimea. A particularly grand daça is called a şató.
dada - v (LF < reduplicated form of dar) To give.
danar - n (LF) (1) Money. (2) Crimea's national currency. When there is risk of confusion, the synonyms deneg or valuta can be used for "money" or "currency."
daspir - n (Ger) Beer from barley or wheat.
dax - n (Ta) Mountain.
de - prep (LF) Of, from.
debi - v (LF) To owe.
debit - n (LF) Debt. "Irregular" noun form inherited from LF.
dedi - pron (LF de ti) Singular your, yours.
deles - pron (LF de los, de lis) Their, theirs.
demi - pron (LF de mi) My, mine.
den - n (Ru, Uk день) Day.
denço - n (Gk δένδρο) Tree.
deneg - n (Ru) Money.
denes - pron (LF de nos) Our, ours.
desire - n ,v (LF) Wish, to wish.
deşéber - n (LF) December.
detal - n (It, Ru) Detail. Plural form detalu can mean "description."
deves - pron (LF de vos) Plural your, yours.
didi - n (LF) Finger. Related term mete didi, "put a finger," to indicate, point to.
dil - pron (LF de il) His.
dila - pron (LF de ila) Possessive her, hers.
dixade - n (Ar, via Tu/Ta) The Islamic month of Dhu al-Qa'da.
dixice - n (Ar, via Tu/Ta) The Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijja.
din - n (Ar, via Tu) Religion.
disco n (La) Disc.
docus - num (Ta, Tu) The number nine.
documuş - num (Ta, Tu) The number ninety.
domica - n (It) Sunday.
dona - form of address (LF) Madam. Compare capitano, "sir."
dormu - v (LF) Sleep.
doso - adj (Go) Dead, defunct, extinct, obsolete.
du - num (LF) The number two.
ducomo - adv (LF de como) Why; because.
duden - n (Compound du + den) Tuesday.
-E-
e - conj (LF) And.
economica - n (Gk, via La) Economics.
efere - n (LF offerir) Offer, suggestion, proposal.
elte - adj, pron (LF altera) Other, another.
emene ce - adv (LF a meno que) Unless
enel - n (LF) Ring.
erba n (LF) Grass, herb, vegetable.
ero - part (Uk, Ru) "a group of people of a certain number;" placed after a number, this particle forms a collective numeral used for counting and naming a group of people. Nos du ero means "the two of us."
Eropa - n (Gk) Europe.
escada - n (LF) Crew, group, squadron, unit.
escer adj (Tu) Free. "Free as in speech."
esi pron (Ta özü) Reflexive pronoun. "Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, oneself," etc.
exe n (It) Eye.
-F-
fa - auxv (LF < fare, to make) Optative auxiliary verb, used to express wishes and hopes. A sentence that uses fa uses SOV word order, putting the verb at the end, similar to an imperative sentence.
fact - n (La, via Ru) Fact.
famja - n (LF) Family. Tanic is a near-synonym; tanic applies strictly to a household, while famja can be used more broadly.
fantasije - n (Gk) Imagination.
fara v (LF) To do, to make. - n Action, event.
faşe - v (LF piacer, piaxer) To please, to attract, to interest. Related term Como faşe can mean "if you please" (making an offer) or "as you wish" (responding to a request).
fatura - n (LF) Document, piece of writing, page. Originally (and still), a financial account. Compare carta.
fede - n (LF) Faith.
felí - auxv (It < felice, happy) Potential auxiliary verb, used to express ability. Equivalent to English verb can. The verb evolved from a construction that meant "I am happy to do it," which broadened in meaning to mean "I can do it."
fene - adj (LF pieno) Full.
ferenşa - n (LF ferencia) A difference, a contrast. Used in constructions such as "the difference between..." Parra has no adjective equivalent for different or different from, in most cases using ne como or ne ravni instead. The construction Avá ferenşa con X e Y carries the sense of "X and Y are different."
festa - n (It, Ger, others) Fest, festival.
fija, fijama - n (LF) Daughter. Both terms are used.
fijase - v (LF fixar) To affix, to join, to link. - n Link, joint.
fijo - n (LF) Son.
foja - n (LF) Leaf, leaf vegetable, piece of paper.
fos - interj (It fosse) Maybe. - aux v Might, could. Related terms: fofos (<fos fos), contracted reduplication indicating even more uncertainty. fosuc - adj Possible. fosuja - n Possibility.
fosu - auxv (It fosse) Would, should; creates conditional verbs.
fotuna - n (LF) Luck, chance, fortune. Related term: Ce fene fotuna, "May full luck... (Shortened form of Ce fene fotuna con tu fa anda) is used as a friendly goodbye or mild blessing. "Fene fotuna" is sometimes used as a slogan or catchphrase for the Crimea, in particular the casino industry.
fovu - n, v (LF piovir) Rain, to rain.
fratel - n (LF) Brother.
frevá - n (LF) February.
ful - n (Go) Bird.
-G-
gamba - n (LF) Leg.
garda - v (LF) (1) To watch, to look, to watch over. Garda can be used for nearly all cases where English would use watch, and some where English would use look if the looking is more than a passing glance. Comparebaca, the verb for a quick look, or used to get someone's attention. (2) To keep, to store.
gege - adj (Ta gök) Blue.
gleba n, adj (It gleba, clod of dirt) A bunch, a lot, a substantial but not huge amount. Using gleba indicates that there is a rather large quantity of the thing in question, but perhaps not more than expected.
gilejile interj (Tu güle güle) Goodbye. The one who stays says it to the one departing. Compare oçácal, selam.
grane - adj (LF) Big, great. Cabi is a near-synonym and is more formal.
graça - interj (LF) Thanks. Considered more casual and less heartfelt than pásabo.
grise - adj (LF) Grey.
groba - n (Go) Tomb, grave.
-I-
ici (1) - part (Ta suffix) denotes an ordinal number, so bir ici is "first;" du ici is "second," etc. (2) - n Position in an order or list.
il - pron (LF) He, him.
ila pron (LF) She, her.
indi n (Ar, Tu, Ru) turkey (bird).
informáçija - n (La, via Ru) Information.
interijer - n (La, via Ru) The inside, interior
íros - n (Gk) Hero.
ísime - adv (It suffix /-issimo/) Most; makes an adjective superlative.
istoc - n (Ru) Source.
istorija - n (La, via Ru) History.
-J-
jaja - n (Gk γιαγιά, "grandmother") Old woman.
jedi - num (Ta, Tu) The number seven.
jemiş - num (Tu) The number seventy.
jenvá - n (LF) January.
jimni n (Ru) Hymn, anthem.
joca - v (LF) (1) (intransitive) Play, to joke. (2) (transitive) Amuse, entertain.
jografija - n (Gk, via Ru) Geography.
jun - n (LF) June.
-L-
lalá - adv (LF la, cognate to Italian là, Castillian allá, etc.) There. Refers to something near the listener. -demThat, those. Used only before nouns. Compare o, ojer, vel.
lant - n (Go) Region, country, area of land.
lavanto - n (LF levante, east wind) East.
lavora - v (LF) Work. - n Work, labor.
let - n (Ru) Year.
leşe - n (LF lege, It legge) Law.
leva - v (LF) To rise, to raise, to lift.
ligo - adj, adv (Gk) A very tiny bit. Compare poco.
lijul - n (LF) July.
linu - n (LF) Tongue, language.
lis - pron (LF) They, them.
logo - n (LF) Place.
luna - n (LF) Moon.
lunço - adj (LF) Long.
-M-
ma - conj (LF) But.
majo - n (LF) The month of May.
mal - adj, adv, n (LF) Bad, badly, ill.
mama - n (LF) Mother.
man - n (LF) Hand. Related term dada man, to help.
manja - v (LF) To eat.
maşur - adj (Ar) Famous. Related noun omaşur, celebrity.
mar - n (LF) Sea.
marato - n (LF) Husband.
marso - n (LF) The month of March.
matin - n (LF) Morning, daytime.
matum - n (Go) Treasure.
mediçine - n (La, via Ru) The field of medicine.
mel - n (LF) Honey.
mélos - n (Gk) (1) Member of a group. (2) Part of the body.
mele - n (It, Gk) Apple.
mene - adv, adj (LF meno) Less.
méraba interj (Tu) Hello.
merin - n (LF) Sailor.
mete - v (LF) To put, to place.
mevi - v (LF) To move.
mexane - n (Gk) Tavern, bar, pub.
mi - pron (LF) I, me.
mifo - n (Gk, via Ru) Myth.
milet - n (Tu < Ar millah ملة ) Community, nation or group, especially an ethnic or religious community. Crimea's many mileti are the defining trait of its history and identity.
miljard - num (Fr, via Ru) Billion (thousand millions)
miljon - num (It, via Ru) Million.
mir - n (Ru) Peace.
misica - n (LF, Ta, Tu) Music.
mixim - adj (Ar, via Tu) Important, crucial.
molto (1) - adv (LF, It) Very. (2) - adj Many, much. Compare vanto, a near-synonym.
molu - n (It) Wife.
monastiri - n (Gk) Monastery.
mora - v (LF) To die.
mundo - n (LF) World.
muru - v (Arm) To beg.
Músilim - n (Ar) Muslim.
muxaram - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Muharram.
-N-
nagino - v (Gk) To read.
naso - n (LF) Nose.
naşa - v (LF) To be born.
nat - n (Go) Net, web.
navuca - n (Ru нау́ка) Science.
ne - part (Ru) Not; makes a sentence negative.
nigre - adj (LF) Black.
no - interj (LF) No. - part Sometimes used as a negative particle, especially in more basic, pidginized forms of Parra.
nofanda - v (contraction of nos fa anda) Let's go.
noma - n (LF) Name.
nordo - n (LF) North.
nos - pron (LF) We; us.
nova - adj (LF) New. Related term novaja, news.
novéber - n (LF) November.
numaro - n (LF) Number.
-O-
o (1) - dem (Ta, Tu) That, that over there. Refers to something far from both the speaker and the listener. Used alone, o is always singular. Used before a noun, it can be singular or plural. (2) - interj/part (LF) O, oh.
ocjano - n (various languages) Ocean. Related geographic name Ocjanija, Oceania.
oçácal - interj (Tu) Goodbye. The person departing says this to the person straying. Compare gilejile, selam.
ojer (1) - adv (Ta, Tu) There, over there. Refers to something far from both the speaker and the listener. (2) - dem That (over there), those (over there). Used only before nouns. Compare o, vel, lalá.
oju - dem (Tu/Ta o + plural marker -(j)u). Those, those over there. Used only alone as a pronoun, never before a noun. Compare o, veli.
omo - n (LF) Person, "man" in the general sense.
omalá - n (LF omo + Ar allah) Member of the clergy, whether Christian, Muslim, Jewish, or pagan.
omlet - n (Fr) Omelette.
on - num (Ta, Tu) The number ten.
ora - n (LF) Time (turn or repetition), moment.
oso - n (LF) Bone.
oşceldin - interj (Tu) Welcome.
otel - n (Fr) Hotel.
otóber - n (LF) October.
otus - num (Ta, Tu) The number thirty.
ova - adv (LF) Where (used in questions).
-P-
pacato - n (LF) Crime.
padoço - n (LF) Louse.
palda -adj (LF) Pale.
papa - n (LF) Father.
para - v (LF) To speak, to talk, to say, to tell.
parc - n (Fr) Park.
pártos - n (LF partes) Part, section. Note that the LF plural form became singular in Parra. Plural form is pártosu.
parti - n (La, via various languages) Political party. Broader and more modern meaning than the historic term soşamevi.
pásabo - interj (Ru) Thank you. Considered more heartfelt and less casual than graça.
pe - n (LF) Foot.
pecem - prep (LF per cambio) For, in exchange for.
peçata - v (Ru) Publish, print.
pele - n (LF) Skin.
penenti - n (LF ponenti, west wind) West.
penir - n (Arm, Ta) Cheese.
per - prep (LF) (1) For, to. (2) Indicates the indirect object of a verb. (3) Optional before a direct object pronoun.
pere - adv (LF <parere, pare to seem) Apparently, seemingly. Pere carries a bit more certainty than fos, but still communicates that the statement is a matter of the speaker's opinion. Using pere together with a prepositional phrase can communicate the opinion of another: Pere per ila, vel sato mal sinema, "She thought it was a bad movie." Pere si and pere no are common ways to say "I think so" and "I think not."
perona (1) - v (LF) To forgive. (2) - interj I'm sorry.
pese - n (LF) Fish.
pici - adj (LF) Small, brief, insignificant, not too big.
pixin (1) - adj (LF) Small. (2) - n Small child.
piju - adj, adv (LF) More.
pile v (LF) To take.
ploşet - n (Ru) Town square, plaza.
po - prep, adv (LF) After, next, then.
poblo - n (LF) People, nation. Compare rodina, milet.
poco - n, adj, adv (LF) A little, a part; Little, few, partly. Compare ligo, polo.
pocopolo - adj, adv (compound poco + polo) Half-and-half, not completely; impure, adulterated.
podomica - n (Compound po + domica) Monday.
política - n (Gk, via Ru) Politics.
polo - n, adv, adj (Gk υπόλοιπο) - the rest, everything else; remaining. The construction poco X, polo Y is used to mean "part X, part [the rest] Y".
poprava - v (Ru) To defeat, to overcome.
pravo - n (Ru) Right, as in human, civil, or legal rights.
prexe - adv, interj (It prego) Please, if you please; used to make requests
presente - v (LF) To present, introduce.
presto - adv (LF) Soon
prime - adj (LF) Chief, main, most important. The ordinal number 1st is the Turkic form bir ici.
privjet - interj (Ru) Hello.
-R-
Rada - n (Germanic, via Uk) The Crimea's national parliament.
radjo - n (Various languages) Radio.
ramadan - n (Ar) The Islamic month of Ramadan.
ravni - adj (Ru) Equal, same.
relaxir - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Rabi II/Rabi' al-Akhir.
relevel - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Rabi I/Rabi' al-Awwal.
recep - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Rajab.
redactor - n (Fr, via Ru) Editor.
resurs - n (Fr, via Ru) Resource.
ridi - v (LF) Laugh.
risa - n (Gk) Root.
ródina - n (Ru) Country, nation, homeland.
ropa - v (LF) To break.
roso - adj (LF) Red.
ruposa - v (LF) To recline, to lie.
-S-
sa - v (LF star < It sta, stare) To be.
saba - part (LF sabir, to know) Question particle. Placed at the end of yes-or-no questions; optionally placed at the end of information questions.
sabu - v (LF) To know.
sabun - n (LF) Soap.
saço - adj (LF sazio) Good enough, sufficient, acceptable. Originally the term referred to a person and meant "satisfied, full," but now used to describe the thing that causes the feeling. - adv Sufficiently.
safar - n (Ar) The Islamic month of Safar.
salada - n (LF) Salad.
salam - interj (Ar, via Tu) Hello; less frequently (but still acceptable), goodbye.
saló - n (Ru) Harm, evil.
sange - n (LF) Blood.
santo (1) - adj (LF) Holy. (2) - n Saint.
sanu - adj (LF sano, probably influenced by salute) - Healthy.
sar - n (Ru) King, emperor, ruler.
sariça -n (Ru) Tsarina, queen.
sarso - n (Ru) Kingdom.
se - conj (LF, It) If, supposing that.
secis - num (Ta, Tu) The number eight.
secimiş - num (Ta, Tu) The number eighty.
seçece - v (LF, It scocciare) To bother, to annoy.
sede - v (LF) To sit.
selénaja - n (Ru) The universe, cosmos.
seli - n (LF) Heaven.
selve - n (LF) Forest.
seme - n (It and Slavic) Seed.
semisemi - adj, adv (LF < It insieme) Together.
semit - n (Go) Smith, metalworker.
sen - n (LF) Breast.
sente - num (LF) The number 100.
sera - n (LF) Night, evening.
serniçi - n (Uk) Snack.
setéber - n (LF) September.
si - interj (LF) Yes.
sibice - v (LF < ispiquer) Explain. -n Explanation.
sictir - interj (Tu) Fuck!; Fuck off, scram. All-purpose curse word.
sifra - num (Ar, possibly via LF) Zero.
simvolo - n (Gk, via Ru) Symbol.
sinema - n (Fr, via Tu and others) Film, movie.
sinla - n (Ru) Soil, earth, Planet Earth.
sinsin - prep (LF or Lat, reduplicated) Without.
sipísoc - n (Ru) List.
sitime - v (LF <estimar) To esteem, respect, revere. Sitimite is a common title equivalent to "Honorable."
snac - n (Acronym <Soşamevi per Nova Arora a Cirima) Crimea's one-party regime in the years 1947-1989. Snacuja is the term for the party's ideology, essentially synonomous with the international term Snorism.
sole - n (LF) Sun.
solo - adv (LF) Only.
sopra - prep (LF) Above, at the top of.
sora - n (LF) Sister.
soşal - adj (La, via Ru) Social.
soşamevi - n (Compound of soşal + mevi). "Social movement;" political party. Originated in the 1920s and 30s, a time of political turbulence.
sunjor - n (LF) Gentleman.
sutup - n (Go) Dust.
-Ş-
şaban - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Sha'ban.
şabat - n (He) Saturday, sabbath.
şató - n (Fr chateau) Mansion, grand country house.
şaval - n (Ar, via Ta/Tu) The Islamic month of Shawwal.
şam - n (Fr chambre) A room for rent; lodging. Alternate form şamb is more common on the coast. The terms are pronounced almost the same in the singular but are more distinct in the plurals şamu, şambu.
şecil (1) - part (Ta şecilde) Adverb marker, used similar to the English suffix /-ly/. (2) -n Manner or way.
şer - n (Ta) City.
şoco - n (LF sciocco, south wind) South.
şudo - n (LF) (1) Shield. (2) Coat of arms. (3) Coin. (4) Unofficial name for the 30-cepec coin.
-T-
tanic - n (Arm) Family. Famja is a near-synonym; tanic refers specifically to a household while famja can be used more broadly or metaphorically.
tanta - conj (LF) Like, as. Can be used singly or in a pair in constructions analogous to "As X as a Y" or "As X, so Y."
tasitasi - adj (LF tizar, to silence) Quiet. -interj Shut up!
taxda - n (Per, via Tu) Board.
televeda - n (Gk tele- + Parra veda) Television.
telix - n (Go telich) A fool. -adj Foolish.
tempe (1) - adv (LF) When (used in questions). (2) - n Time.
temta - v, n (LF) To tempt, temptation.
teré - num (LF, influenced by Ru tri) The number three.
tereden - n (Compound tere + den) Wednesday.
teta -n (LF) Breast.
texnologija - n (Gk) Technology.
tintin - n (LF, onomatopoetic) Jewelry.
torno - v (LF) To return.
transport - n (La) Transportation.
triljon - num (Fr, via Ru) Trillion (million millions).
trova v (LF) To find.
tu - pron (LF) You (singular).
tuto - pron, adj (LF) All. Related terms: tuto tempe - adv Always. tuto ravni - adv All the same, anyway.
-U-
u - conj (LF) Or. Can be used singly or in a pair in constructions analogous to "Either X or Y."
uno - pron (LF) Someone, something.
-V-
vacosa - pron (LF, contraction of qual cosa) What, which; used in questions.
vaço - adj (LF) Empty.
vala - adv, interj (Tu) Indeed, truly. It has weakened semantically from the original meaning, "I swear" or "by God."
valuta - n (La, via Ru) Currency.
vanca - adj (LF bianca) White.
vanto - adv (LF) (1) How many, used in questions. (2) Many.
vatro - num (LF) The number four.
vatroden - n (Compound vatro + den) Thursday.
veçe - adj (LF) Old.
veçine - prep (LF) Nearby.
veda - v (LF) To see.
védoma - n (Gk εβδομάδα) Week.
vel - dem (LF) That. Refers to something near the listener. Used alone, vel is always singular. Used before a noun, it can be singular or plural. Compare o, ojer, lalá.
veli - dem (LF) Those. Refers to something near the listener. Used only alone as a pronoun, never before a noun.
veni - v (LF) To come.
venti - num (LF) The number twenty.
vero - adj (LF) True, real, actual.
verte - adj (LF) Green.
ves - dem (LF) This. Used alone, ves is always singular. Used before a noun, it can be singular or plural. Compare viví.
vesi - dem (LF) These. Used only alone as a pronoun, never before a noun.
viçí - v (LF vigilia) To awaken. - adj Awake.
vid - n (Ru) Kind, type, class.
vise - v (LF) To look like, to appear. Compare baca, to look.
visit - n (LF) A visit. Never a verb; instead use fara visit. Related term: emevisit, visitor, guest.
vista - n (LF) View.
vive - v (LF) To live.
viví (1) - adv (LF aqui, cognate to Italian qui, Castillian aquí, etc.) Here. Refers to something near the speaker. (2) -dem This, these. Used only before nouns. Compare ves, lalá.
vojna - n (Ru) War.
vola - v (LF) To want. Can be used alone or as an auxiliary verb.
vopros (1) - n (Ru) Question. (2) - v To ask.
vos - pron (LF) You (plural).
vu
-X-
xajar - n (Tu, Arm) - Cucumber.
xan - n (Ta) A cheap inn, originally a caravanserai.
xaráldica - n (Fr) Heraldry.
xat - n (Arm) Bread.
xicimet - n (Tu) Government.
xronologija - n (Gk) Chronology, timeline.
Abbreviations
EtymologiesAr Arabic
Arm Armenian Fr French Ger German Gk Greek Go Gothic He Hebrew It Italian La Classical Latin LF Lingua Franca Pe Persian Ru Russian Ta Tatar Tu Turkish Uk Ukrainian Ven Venetian via Indicates a term indirectly borrowed |
Parts of speechadj adjective
adv adverb auxv auxiliary verb conj conjunction dem demonstrative interj interjection n noun num numeral part particle prep preposition pron pronoun v verb |